摘 要

上世纪美苏争霸、一超多强的政治局面结束以后，世界呈现“政治多极化”、“经济全球化”的局面。在此国际背景下，世界各国联系更加紧密，共同合作和贸易的机会增多。在贸易的概念中，除了传统的商品贸易，服务贸易也是重要的一部分。服务贸易因其能耗低、附加值高，逐渐在国际贸易中占据重要地位。今天，服务贸易已经成为发展一国经济的重要动力和优化一国经济结构的重要方式。1978年中央经济工作会议成功召开，改革开放新时代到来，中国服务贸易发展迅速，规模不断扩张，占世界服务贸易总额的比重不断上升。然而，自1992年以来，中国的服务贸易出现逆差，赤字迅速扩大，同时出现了产业结构不合理的问题。因此，我们有必要分析我国服务贸易竞争力，提出提升竞争力的对策。

本文首先阐述了研究背景和意义，之后大致地介绍了1982-2012年中国服务贸易从初步发展到稳步提升的发展历程。然后，分别从整体和部分两个角度描述了当下我国服务贸易的整体和具体行业的发展情况，将我国服务贸易整体竞争力、传统服务行业竞争力和现代化服务业竞争力量化成具体的数值。结果表明，当前我国服务贸易进口额远大于出口额、缺乏整体竞争力、服务业现代化程度低。之后，根据迈克尔·波特的钻石理论分析了我国服务贸易落后的原因。根据分析结果，提出了培养高素质专业人才；扩大国内需求；提高服务贸易和货物贸易协调发展程度；优化服务贸易产业结构；大力发展服务贸易外包业务；加强服务贸易立法，完善管理体系六条对策。

关键词：服务贸易；发展现状；竞争力；影响因素

Research on the development status of China's service trade and the improvement of its competitiveness

ABSTRACT

After the end of the political situation in which the United States and the Soviet union contended for hegemony and one superpower in the last century, the world presented a situation of "political multi-polarization" and "economic globalization". In this international context, countries around the world have become more closely linked and there are more opportunities for cooperation and trade. In the concept of trade, service trade is also an important part. Because of its low energy consumption and high added value, the service trade gradually occupies an important position in international trade. Today, trade in services has become an important driving force for the development of a country's economy and an important way to optimize its economic structure. In 1978, the central economic work conference was successfully held and a new era of reform and opening up was ushered in. However, since 1992, China's trade in services appears deficit, deficit rapidly expanded, while the industrial structure is unreasonable. Therefore, it is necessary for us to analyze the competitiveness of China's service trade and put forward countermeasures to improve competitiveness.

This paper first expounds the research background and significance, and then roughly introduces the development process of China's service trade from initial development to steady improvement from 1982 to 2012. Then, it describes the overall and specific industry development of China's service trade from the overall and partial perspectives, and turns the overall competitiveness of China's service trade, the competitiveness of traditional service industry and the competitiveness of modern service industry into specific values. The results show that the import of service trade in China is much larger than the export value, the overall competitiveness is lacking, and the modernization degree of service industry is low. Then, according to Michael porter's diamond theory, it analyzes the reasons why China's service trade lags behind. According to the analysis results, the author puts forward 6 countermeasures which are the cultivating high-quality professionals. Expanding domestic demand; Improving the degree of coordinated development of trade in services and trade in goods; Optimizing the industrial structure of service trade; Vigorously developing service trade outsourcing business; Strengthen legislation of service trade, perfecting management system.

Key words: Service trade; Status of development; Competitiveness; Factors

目 录

1引言 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.2国内外研究概述 1

1.3研究内容及框架 5

1.4创新与不足 5

2中国服务贸易的发展历程 6

2.1起步阶段（1982-1992年） 6

2.2初步发展（1993-2002年） 7

2.3稳步提升（2003-2012年） 8

3中国服务贸易发展现状 9

3.1当前我国服务贸易整体情况 9

3.2当前我国服务贸易具体行业情况 12

3.3小结 19

4我国服务贸易竞争力较弱的原因 20

4.1高级生产要素稀缺 20

4.2服务业需求不足 21

4.3与支持产业发展不协调 22

4.4企业战略保守，缺乏同业竞争 23

4.5服务贸易发展意识弱 25

4.6相关法律法规不完善 26

5提升我国服务贸易竞争力的对策 27

5.1培养高素质专业人才 27

5.2扩大国内需求 27

5.3提高服务贸易和货物贸易协调发展程度 27

5.4优化产业结构 28

5.5重视服务贸易外包业务的发展 28

5.6加强服务贸易立法，完善管理体系 28

结论 29

致谢 30

参考文献 31

1 引言

1.1研究背景及意义

上世纪七八十年代以来，世界经济不断发展，产业构成更加合理，许多发展中国家学习发达国家将经济发展重心转变到附加值高的第三产业，因而服务业迅速发展。与此相对应，国际贸易的天平开始向服务贸易一端倾斜。在此国际背景下，我国的服务贸易规模迅速扩大，结构也不断优化。2017年，我国服务贸易进出口额达6957亿美元,占GDP比重接近6%。服务贸易带动我国经济发展，增加财政收入的积极作用可见一斑。

本论文研究的意义在于从整体和部分两方面分析我国服务贸易的发展历程和发展现状，总结我国服务贸易优缺点，发现阻碍我国服务贸易前进的“拦路虎”，在减少我国服务贸易逆差，提升我国服务行业竞争力方面提出一些建议。