摘 要

在中国众多外贸企业中，有近500万家是中小外贸企业，对外贸易总额约占全国外贸总额的 60%。大型外贸企业应对贸易摩擦尚且艰难，更何况是这些中小企业。近年来，中国与其他国家贸易摩擦频频出现，尤其以2018年中美贸易战为代表，该事件引发了全国上下对两国之间贸易的热烈讨论。事实上，除了美国、欧盟、日本等一些发达国家对中国经常性发起贸易摩擦，随着中国与更多的发展中国家关系愈加密切，贸易不断扩大，一些发展中国家也开始挑起贸易争端。

本文采用理论分析和实证分析结合的方法，分析对外贸易相关数据，对中国整体的贸易摩擦情况进行探究，分析了我国与其他国家贸易摩擦状况，贸易摩擦主要形式以及主要涉及行业。并以江苏为主要研究对象，分析了其外贸企业出口特征，贸易摩擦现状，发生贸易摩擦的原因。

研究发现，除了一些国家蓄意发起贸易争端以及全球价值链引发的危机感，从中国自身角度看，贸易摩擦发生的主要原因有很多，如以劳动密集型为特色的出口产品缺乏核心技术，在国际市场上不具备竞争力；国内技术标准与国际标准存在差距，产品在生产之初就已被一些国家的技术要求排出在外等。因此，从全球化角度出发，如何应对频频出现的贸易摩擦，成为了中国众多外贸企业急需克服的难题。

最后，为保持我国外贸企业在贸易摩擦中的竞争力，政府方面应完善对外贸易法律体系和摩擦预警机制；加强外贸知识培训，培养应对国际贸易摩擦的专门人才；尽快建立与国际接轨的技术法规和行业标准体系；加强与其他国家或组织之间的经济合作与协调。企业层面应加强自身建设；实施市场多元化战略；转移制造基地规避风险。

关键词：贸易摩擦；外贸企业；影响；江苏

Analysis of the Impact of Trade Friction on China's Foreign Trade Enterprises ——Take Jiangsu Foreign Trade Enterprises as an Example

ABSTRACT

Among the numerous foreign trade enterprises in China, nearly 5 million are small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises, accounting for 60% of the total foreign trade in China. It is still difficult for large foreign trade enterprises to deal with trade frictions, let alone these small and medium-sized enterprises. In recent years, trade frictions between China and other countries have occurred frequently, especially in the 2008 Sino-US trade war, which triggered a heated discussion on trade between the two countries. In fact, apart from the United States, the European Union, Japan and other developed countries, some developed countries often initiate trade frictions against China. As China's relations with more and more developing countries become closer, trade continues to expand, and some developing countries also start to provoke trade disputes.

This paper uses the method of combining theoretical analysis and empirical analysis to analyze the data related to foreign trade, to explore the overall situation of trade frictions in China, and to analyze the situation of trade frictions between China and other countries, the main forms of trade frictions and the main industries involved. Taking Jiangsu as the main research object, this paper analyses the export characteristics of its foreign trade enterprises, the current situation of trade frictions and the causes of trade frictions.

The study finds that, in addition to deliberate trade disputes initiated by some countries and the sense of crisis triggered by global value chains, from China's own point of view, there are many main reasons for trade frictions, such as the lack of core technology in export products with labor-intensive characteristics, the lack of competitiveness in the international market, the gap between domestic and international technical standards, and the fact that products have been produced at the beginning of production. It has been excluded from the technical requirements of some countries. Therefore, from the perspective of globalization, how to deal with frequent trade frictions has become an urgent problem for many foreign trade enterprises in China.

Finally, in order to maintain the competitiveness of China's foreign trade enterprises in trade frictions, the government should improve the legal system and early warning mechanism of foreign trade frictions; strengthen the training of foreign trade knowledge, train specialized talents to deal with international trade frictions; establish technical regulations and industry standards system in line with international standards as soon as possible; and strengthen economic cooperation and coordination with other countries or organizations. Enterprises should strengthen their own construction; implement market diversification strategy; transfer manufacturing base to avoid risks.

Key words: Trade Friction,；Foreign Trade Enterprises； Impact,；Jiangsu Province

目 录

1 绪 论

1.1研究背景

1.2研究意义

1.3 文献综述

1.3.1 外贸企业相关研究

1.3.2 贸易摩擦类型研究

1.3.3贸易摩擦研究方法

1.3.4 文献述评

1.4研究内容和技术路线

1.4.1研究内容

1.4.2技术路线

1.5研究方法

1.6论文创新点

2 相关概念与理论基础

2.1 相关概念

2.1.1 贸易摩擦的概念

2.1.2 外贸企业的概念

2.1.3 对外贸易政策相关概念

2.2理论基础

2.2.1 宏观理论

2.2.2 微观理论

3 我国的贸易摩擦现状分析

3.1中国与各国的贸易摩擦

3.1.1中美贸易摩擦

3.1.2中日贸易摩擦

3.1.3中欧贸易摩擦

3.1.4中国与其他发展中国家贸易摩擦

3.2我国遭受贸易摩擦的主要形式

3.2.1 关税壁垒

3.2.2 反倾销、反补贴

3.2.3技术性贸易壁垒

3.3我国贸易摩擦涉及的主要行业

3.3.1机电产业

3.3.2纺织品

3.3.3农产品

3.3.4能源与原材料

3.4本章小结

4 贸易摩擦对我国外贸企业的影响——以江苏省外贸企业为例

4.1研究江苏省外贸企业贸易摩擦的必要性