摘 要

WTO体系的核心是WTO争端解决机制。WTO争端解决机制是多边贸易体制中的关键机制，它通过规范化、法律化的程序有效定权止纷，保障WTO的正常运行。WTO争端解决机制自确立以来，已经受理诸多的国际贸易纠纷，成为国际贸易过程中不可或缺的安全线。WTO争端解决机制以GATT争端解决机制为基础产生与发展，其中最重要的的是乌拉圭回合通过的《关于争端解决的规则和程序的谅解协议》，它为WTO的多边外交体系提供保障和可预见性的中心环节，是WTO规则实际有效执行的根本保障。因此在全球经济一体化进程急速推进的今天，对WTO争端解决机制的深入研究是极为必要的。

WTO争端解决机制在国际争端解决的模式、程序等方面做出了多方面的完善、发展与突破，初步形成了国际贸易争端解决的准司法程序，但经过二十年多年的实践，其所存在的不足日益暴露，影响了裁决的公平性与有效性。本文从WTO争端解决机制的形成和法律特点入手，并在对比GATT争端解决机制的基础上，对WTO争端解决机制的具体解决程序进行探讨，发现并试分析WTO争端解决机制在上诉程序、证据规则、执行措施、报复制度上所存在的自身固有缺陷以及实施过程中对发展中国家的不公平性，并试图针对这些问题提出一些较为科学合理的应对办法与建议。

关键词：WTO争端解决机制；评述；对策建议

Research on the Trade Dispute Settlement Mechanism of WTO

ABSTRACT

The WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism is the core of the WTO system. The WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism is a key role in the Multilateral Trade System, which can ensure the normal operation of WTO through the standardization and legalization procedure. Since the establishment of WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism, has been accepted by many international trade disputes. It gradually turns into the indispensable safety line in the process of international trade, so in the process of global economic intergration and the rapid advance of today, the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism in-depth study is very necessary.

The WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism to resolve international disputes in the program mode, make the improvement, development and breakthrough in many aspects, the initial formation of the international trade dispute settlement quasi judicial process, but after twenty years of practice, their problems increasingly exposed, which affects the fairness and validity of arbitration. In this paper, through the analysis of the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism, we found that the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism in the process and the implementation of the shortcomings, and put forward some more scientific and reasonable countermeasures and suggestions.

This article from the formation of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and the legal characteristic, and on the basis of comparing the GATT dispute settlement mechanism, the specific solution program of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism were discussed, try to find and analyze the WTO dispute settlement mechanism in the appeals process, the system of evidence rules and enforcement measures, revenge on the existence of its inherent defects of developing countries in the process of the implementation and unfairness, and tries to solve these problems put forward some of the more scientific and reasonable response and the suggestion.

Key words：The WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism；Review；Countermeasures and Suggestions

目 录

1 绪论…………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 研究背景与意义………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.1研究背景…………………………………………………………………1

1.1.2研究目的及意义…………………………………………………………1

1.2 WTO争端解决机制相关文献综述…………………………………………………………2

1.2.1 国外有关研究回溯…………………………………………………………2

1.2.2 国内有关研究回溯…………………………………………………………2

1.2.3 前期研究的不足…………………………………………………………3

1.3 研究思路与方法……………………………………………………………………………3

2 WTO争端解决机制概述………………………………………………………………………4

2.1 WTO争端解决机制的形成………………………………………………………………4

2.1.1 WTO争端解决机制的产生………………………………………………4

2.1.2 WTO争端解决机制的继承与发展…………………………………………5

2.2 WTO争端解决机制的法律特点………………………………………………………5

2.2.1 争端解决机制的统一性…………………………………………………5

2.2.2 对国际贸易争端案件管理的强制性…………………………………6

2.2.3 争端解决过程的效率性………………………………………………6

2.2.4 争端解决结果提供补救措施…………………………………………6

2.2.5 裁定或建议有效性……………………………………………………7

3 WTO争端解决机制具体程序和内容…………………………………………………………7

3.1 磋商程序…………………………………………………………………………8

3.2 专家组程序…………………………………………………………………………9

3.3 上诉程序……………………………………………………………………………9

3.4 执行程序…………………………………………………………………………10

3.5 报复程序…………………………………………………………………………10

4 WTO争端解决机制的问题与缺陷………………………………………………………11

4.1 WTO争端解决机制自身固有的缺陷…………………………………………………11

4.1.1 上诉程序的缺陷……………………………………………………11

4.1.2 证据规则的缺陷……………………………………………………11

4.1.3 执行措施的缺陷……………………………………………………12

4.1.4 报复制度的缺陷……………………………………………………12

4.2 WTO争端解决机制在实施上的缺陷……………………………………………………13

4.2.1 发展中国家利用机制的不平衡性…………………………………13

4.2.2 反竞争政策的问题与缺陷………………………………………13

5对完善WTO争端解决机制的对策建议…………………………………………………13

5.1 有关WTO争端解决机制程序问题的建议…………………………………………14

5.1.1 上诉规则的完善……………………………………………………14

5.1.2 证据规则的完善……………………………………………………14

5.1.3 执行措施的完善……………………………………………………14

5.1.4 报复制度的完善……………………………………………………15