摘 要

加入WTO以后，我国与其他国家的贸易将进一步自由化，贸易自由化成为当前全球经济发展中的一大趋势，关于贸易与环境之间的争论因此变得越来越激烈。贸易自由化能够促进经济增长，增加有关国家的社会福利，但同时也给人类赖以生存的生态环境带来了史无前例的冲击，贸易和环境问题日益引起世界各国的普遍关注。国际贸易规模的扩大和各国经济的发展，日益扩大的非持续性的生产和消费活动逐渐超出了自然环境的承受能力。为了更好地协调贸易与环境的关系,首先需要从理论上搞清楚贸易自由化的发展对环境的影响，贸易自由化进程的加快造成了自然环境的退化，甚至威胁到了人类的生存和发展；另外，收入和生活水平的提高使人们更加关心环境的质量，增强人们对洁净环境的偏好。因此，环境问题日益得到人们的重视，逐渐成为国际社会关注的焦点问题。尤其是对于中国，在经济和贸易发展中人们对生态环境恶化的严重性的认识越来越深刻。如何促进贸易与环境的协调发展，既积极促进对外贸易增长，又维护人类资源与环境权益，防止环境不断恶化，是我国外贸和经济可持续发展面临的新课题。发展循环经济, 建设节约型社会, 实现可持续发展的内涵式经济增长模式, 已经迫切地提到中国未来发展道路的议事日程上, 过去几十年我们所获得的高速经济增长是以资源和环境方面的过度消耗和破坏为代价的。进入 21世纪, 全球在调整更新的一个观念是, 环境成本必须作为生产成本的一部分被计入产品的总成本中, 即环境成本的内部化。环境要素进入生产环节成为一个新的生产要素, 同资本、劳动、资源、技术等要素并列, 是同等重要的生产要素。因此, 环境要素的质量好坏和丰硕程度是制约国家 、产业以及企业可持续发展的重要因素之一 , 国际竞争力的涵义被提升到基于环境要素的可持续层次上。而当前全球面临贸易自由化这一发展趋势, 在贸易过程中所引起的环境问题尤其受到人们的关注, 主要有积极影响和消极影响两大流派, 难以得出具有普遍性的一致结论。

本文先是从理论上分析了自由贸易对环境的几种效应分别是：规模效应、结构效应、技术效应，对这几种效应进行解释及说明，之后又通过一些数据进行实证说明，通过某年我国工业各行业的污染密集度和污染排放结构为基础来分析我国工业行业的污染状况，之后还通过集中污染物排放的情况分析了自由化贸易对我国环境的影响。因此得出结论，贸易自由化的发展会对我国环境造成不同程度的影响。最后在发现问题之后提出了几点政策建议以在发展经济的同时还要注意保护环境。

关键词：贸易自由化；规模效应；结构效应；技术效应；环境；

Study on the influence of trade liberalization on China's environment

ABSTRACT

After China's entry into WTO, the trade between China and other countries will be further liberalized, trade liberalization has become a major trend in the current global economic development, and the controversy between trade and environment has become more and more intense. Trade liberalization can promote economic growth and increase the social welfare of the countries concerned, but at the same time, it also brings unprecedented impact to the ecological environment on which human beings rely for survival. Trade and environment problems have attracted more and more attention all over the world. With the expansion of international trade scale and the development of national economy, the increasingly expanding unsustainable production and consumption activities have gradually exceeded the capacity of the natural environment. For better cooperation. In order to adjust the relationship between trade and environment, first of all, it is necessary to understand theoretically the impact of the development of trade liberalization on the environment. The accelerated process of trade liberalization has resulted in the degradation of the natural environment and even threatened the survival and development of mankind. The improvement of income and living standard makes people pay more attention to the quality of environment and enhance people's preference for clean environment. Therefore, environmental issues have been paid more and more attention and become the focus of international attention. Especially for China, in the economic and trade development, people have a deeper and deeper understanding of the seriousness of the deterioration of the ecological environment. How to promote the coordinated development of trade and environment Promoting the growth of foreign trade, safeguarding human resources and environmental rights and interests, and preventing the environment from deteriorating are the new issues facing the sustainable development of foreign trade

and economy in China. The development of circular economy, the construction of a conservation-oriented society and the realization of an implicit economic growth model of sustainable development have been put on the agenda of China's future development road urgently. The high-speed economy we have gained in the past few decades has been put on the agenda. Growth comes at the expense of excessive consumption and destruction of resources and the environment. In the 21st century, a new concept of global adjustment is that environmental costs must be included in the total cost of the product as part of the production cost Internalization of environmental costs. The environmental factor has become a new factor of production and is an equally important factor of production, which is juxtaposed with the elements of capital, labor, resources, technology and so on. Therefore, the quality and abundance of environmental factors is one of the important factors restricting the sustainable development of countries, industries and enterprises. The meaning of international competitiveness has been promoted to the level of sustainability based on environmental factors. At present, the world is faced with the trend of trade liberalization, and the environmental problems caused by the trade process are especially concerned by people. There are two major schools of positive and negative effects, which are difficult. In order to reach a universal consensus conclusion.

Firstly, this paper theoretically analyzes several effects of free trade on environment: scale effect, structure effect, technical effect, explain and explain these effects, and then explain them through some data. Based on the pollution intensity and pollution emission structure of various industries in China in a certain year, the pollution situation of China's industrial industries is analyzed, and the impact of liberalization trade on China's environment is also analyzed by means of concentrated pollutant emissions. Therefore, it is concluded that the development of trade liberalization will have a different degree of impact on our environment. Finally, after identifying the problems, several policy recommendations were put forward for the development of economic development. At the same time, we

should pay attention to the protection of the environment.

Key words：Trade liberalization ;scale effect ;structure effect ;technical effects ;Environment