试论低碳经济与会计应对毕业论文

 2021-04-08 12:04

摘 要

现如今,在世界经济水平的发展和进步的同时,环境污染和资源短缺等问题也随之而来,因此,在气候变化背景下,想要可持续发展,人类就必须走实行低碳经济的道路。改革开放以来,由于我国长期沿用粗放型发展模式,从而导致环境污染、能源浪费等问题,虽然我国幅员辽阔,地大物博,并且就资源总量来说处于世界前列,但是,由于我国人口基数大,导致人均资源占有率低,且资源利用率低,浪费严重,长此以往,随着人口增长和经济发展,我国资源短缺状况日益突出,亟待采取低碳经济的措施,因此,环境会计应运而生,它的计量单位与传统会计相同,都是货币,实施的依据除了会计法律法规,还根据实际情况,增加了环保的法律法规,在原有基础上,增加了计量、记录环境污染、环境防治、环境开发的成本费用这项工作,同时对环境的维护和开发形成的效益进行合理计量与报告。与传统会计相比,环境会计在核算内容、成本计量、研究方法、报告形式等方面存在很大的区别,并且在实际操作过程中有许多困难需要解决。

本文首先阐述和分析了我国低碳经济的发展现状,主要分析了企业在发展低碳经济的过程中遇到的困难,通过传统会计与环境会计的比较,说明企业实行环境会计的必要性,明确了环境会计的重要地位,然而,我国企业的环境会计是不完善的,还需要专家学者继续研究和完善,为企业自身和社会更好的创造效益,最后,针对环境会计未来的发展方向提出自己的意见。

关键词:低碳经济;传统会计;环境会计;应用现状及前景

Talk about the Low-carbon Economy and Accounting

ABSTRACT

Today, in the world economy level of development and progress at the same time, environmental pollution and resources shortage problems such as followed, therefore, under the background of climate change, want to sustainable development, the human must be the path of practice the low carbon economy. Since China's reform and opening up, due to long-term use extensive development pattern in our country, which can lead to problems such as environmental pollution, energy waste, while China's vast, rich product resources, located in the world, but because of China's big population base, per capita resources share is low, and low resource utilization, waste is serious, in the long term, with the population growth and economic development, resource shortage is increasingly prominent in our country, to be a low carbon economy measures, therefore, environmental accounting arises at the historic moment, it was based on the currency as the main unit of measurement, based on relevant laws and regulations, measuring and recording the cost of environmental pollution, environmental control, environmental development costs, maintenance and development of the formation of the benefits to the environment at the same time reasonable measurement and report. Compared with the traditional accounting, environmental accounting in the accounting content, cost measurement, research methods, report forms, as well as the very big difference, and there are many difficulties in the actual operation process need to be solved.

At first, this paper expounds and analyzes the present situation of low carbon economy development in our country, mainly analyzes the enterprises in the development of the difficulties encountered in the process of low carbon economy, through the comparison of traditional accounting and environmental accounting, the necessity of enterprise implementation of environmental accounting, has been clear about the important position of environmental accounting, however, our country enterprise environment accounting is not perfect, also need experts and scholars continue to study and perfect, create benefits for the enterprise itself and the society better, finally, in view of the environmental accounting development direction of the future put forward their own opinions.

Key words:Low carbon economy; Traditional accounting; Environmental accounting; Application status and prospects

目 录

1 低碳经济的概述 - 1 -

1.1 低碳经济的概念 - 1 -

1.1.1 低碳经济的起源与实质 - 1 -

1.2 低碳经济在我国的应用 - 1 -

1.2.1 我国的低碳经济现状 - 1 -

1.2.2 困难与解决方案 - 2 -

2 会计工作与低碳经济的发展的关系 - 5 -

2.1 会计对低碳经济产生的作用 - 5 -

2.1.1 会计工作辅助低碳经济的发展 - 5 -

2.2 低碳经济对会计作用 - 6 -

2.2.1 低碳经济推动会计工作的改革与发展 - 6 -

3 困难与阻碍 - 8 -

3.1 传统会计受到的影响 - 8 -

3.1.1低碳经济下的传统会计工作 - 8 -

3.1.2 传统会计的缺陷 - 8 -

3.2 环境会计的现状 - 9 -

3.2.1 环境会计的重要环节 - 9 -

3.2.2 环境会计在应用中存在的问题 - 10 -

4 低碳经济下的会计应对 - 12 -

4.1 会计对策 - 12 -

4.1.1 碳减排会计 - 12 -

4.1.2 社会责任会计 - 12 -

4.2 具体措施 - 13 -

结 论 - 15 -

致 谢 - 16 -

参考文献 - 17 -

1 低碳经济的概述

1.1 低碳经济的概念

1.1.1 低碳经济的起源与实质

在世界工业化进程中,人类向环境过度索取,尤其是第一次工业革命以后,人类没有环境保护意识,科学技术水平落后,当时普遍实行的高碳经济模式主要以消耗化石燃料等不可再生资源为代价来发展经济,结果明显是得不偿失的。幸运的是,人类及时地意识到了气候变化的问题,《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》分别在1992年和1997年成功签署,并将气候变化问题列入全球环境问题的首位。虽然人类投入大量人力、物力、财力来研究可以替代化石燃料的可再生能源,以节约不可再生能源的消耗,减少二氧化碳的排放程度,但是,至今为止,二氧化碳排放所导致的气候变化问题仍未得到明显改善,气候变暖、极端天气等气候变化仍然时刻威胁着人类的生存环境。

在结合国内外研究学者的研究成果可以得出结论,低碳经济是以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的经济模式,是人类在农业革命、工业革命之后又一创新改革的重大变革和进步,它的实质是提高能源利用效率、创造新的清洁能源结构,发展低碳经济的创新技术、产品和服务,从而以环境保护、资源可持续利用、经济发展为最终目的。从我国企业角度来看,发展低碳经济,一方面是完成国家降低能耗的指标、合理排污的要求,积极承担环境保护的社会责任;另一方面,调整经济结构,提高能源利用效率,发展新兴能源的利用,建设生态文明,是实现经济发展与资源环境保护双赢的必然选择。

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