摘 要

随着全球经济一体化的发展和贸易自由化程度的不断提高,传统的关税壁垒和非关税壁垒不断被破除,其贸易保护作用逐渐被弱化,发达国家为了维护本国产品市场,保护本国生产者利益,竭力寻求更为灵活和隐蔽的贸易保护措施。在这种历史和现实背景下,欧盟、美国等高动物福利国家和地区利用自身动物福利优势,把动物福利要求和标准与国际贸易紧密挂钩,广泛建立了涉外贸易动物的福利保护法律制度，进而逐渐形成了动物贸易壁垒，这也是困扰发展中国家动物产品出口的主要贸易壁垒，影响到许多国家的经济发展。我国每年因为动物福利壁垒造成的经济损失难以计数。因此为了避免这一新型壁垒给我国动物及其相关产品的出口带来不利影响，针对动物贸易壁垒的研究刻不容缓。

本文首先阐述了动物贸易壁垒的法律涵义和国内外的研究概况，并分析了动物贸易壁垒形成的原因，是由于有些发达国家利用本国文化教育、传统习俗等方面的优势，以维护动物福利为屏障，限制甚至阻止一些来自发展中国家的动物源性商品的进口，将动物福利与国际贸易紧密挂钩，从而达到保护本国产品和市场的目的。

其次，对动物贸易壁垒对动物贸易的影响进行了分析,包括对国际贸易的影响，和对我国对外动物贸易的影响。

最后，提出应对动物贸易壁垒我国应采取正当而有效的法律措施。为了消除动物福利对我国国际贸易的不利影响，我们应当从完善国内动物福利法律法规、与他国签订双边或多边条约、合理利用 WTO 的贸易争端解决机制等方面入手。

关键词：动物福利 贸易壁垒 法律对策

Analysis on the impact of animal trade barriers on animal trade

ABSTRACT

With the continuous improvement of the global economic integration and the development of free trade, traditional tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers continue to be get rid of, the trade protective effect was gradually weakened, developed countries to maintain their products market, protect the interests of domestic producers, tried to seek more flexible and covert trade protection measures. Under the historical and realistic background, the European Union, the United States and other animal welfare countries and regions using their own advantage of animal welfare and to animal welfare requirements and standards and international trade are closely linked and widely established foreign trade animal welfare protection legal system, and gradually form the animal trade barriers, which is also troubled by the export of animal products in developing countries is the main trade barriers, affecting the economic development of many countries. China's annual economic losses caused by animal welfare barriers are difficult to count. Therefore, in order to avoid the new barriers to the export of animals and related products in our country, it is urgent to study the trade barrier.