摘 要

“一带一路”是中国对外开放的顶层设计和最新举措，覆盖全球60多个国家、63%的人口以及29%的经济规模，是具有巨大经济发展潜力的经济区域带。“一带一路”通过基础设施的建设构架起中国与沿线各国经济贸易的良好通路，本质上是中国与沿线国家开展国际贸易的过程，中国与沿线国家开展国际贸易，既有比较优势等贸易理论支撑，也有中国与沿线国家间的巨大的贸易潜力和日益加深的贸易依赖度为动力，是当今中国企业借以走出国门的时代背景和巨大机遇。

联想集团是中国计算机领域的领军企业，也是世界PC市场份额第一的全球公司。在其30多年的发展历程中，国际化是其最重要的发展战略之一。其国际化战略中尤其重视对新兴市场的拓展，以维持其快速发展的需要。通过SWOT分析法对联想的内部条件和外部条件进行分析，发现“一带一路”是其充分发挥自身优势与扩大外部机遇的绝佳平台。“一带一路”之于联想的发展机遇表现在：广阔的开放市场、便捷快速的物流、优惠的税收政策以及丰富的融资渠道等四个方面。

联想进入沿线国家市场同时面临诸多风险，包括政治宗教风险、产品调整和适应风险、汇率风险和法律风险。其中政治宗教风险是联想进入沿线相关国家市场的最大风险，必须充分调查，谨慎进入。为更好地把握机遇、克服风险，联想必须制定全方位的对策来应对，包括七个方面：①进一步调整自身的组织结构，更好地借力“一带一路”；②对相应国家的市场状况进行充分的市场调研；③进行全面多样的国际营销设计；④建立完善的保险机制；⑤建立多渠道、多层次的融资体系；⑥制定全面措施防范汇率风险；⑦从订立合同、属地化经营、利用多双边协定等方面进行法律风险防范。

关键词：“一带一路”； 国际贸易； 联想集团； SWOT分析； 机遇、风险和对策

ABSTRACT

"Belt and Road Initiative" is top-level designed and the latest movement of China opening. The economic belt covering more than 60 countries, 63% population worldwide and 29% of the world economy, has a huge potential for economic development. "Belt and Road Initiative" is a good channel that through the construction of infrastructure to communicate economic with countries along, is essentially a process of China and countries along to carry out international trade. China carries out international trade with countries along the belt both has improvement of trade theory like Comparative Advantage Theory, the motivation of huge trade potential and increasing trade dependence degree. "Belt and Road Initiative" is a good opportunity, platform and the biggest background of Chinese enterprises to participate in international trade and develop theirselves.

Lenovo Group is a leading enterprise in the field of Computer Science in China and has the biggest market share in the world. During its 30 years of development, internationalization is one of the most important strategies. In their international strategies, the development of emerging markets is especially emphasized, so as to maintain the rapid development. Through the SWOT analysis on the association of internal and external conditions, we found that "Belt and Road Initiative" is the perfect platform to show their advantages and enlarge their external opportunities. based on the “Belt and Road Initiative”, Lenovo’s opportunities are: bigger wide open market, fast and convenient logistics, preferential tax policies and abundant financing channels.

Lenovo also faces many risks if entering the corresponding national market, such as: political and religious risk, adjust and adapt to risk, exchange rate risk and legal risk. Among them, the political and religious risk is the biggest one, which must be fully investigated. In order to grasp the opportunity and overcome the risk, Lenovo must make some countermeasures to deal with the risks as following: (1) further adjust its organizational structure to adapt "Belt and Road Initiative"; (2) make full market research on the national market along the belt; (3) make comprehensive international marketing design; (4) establish perfect insurance mechanism; (5) establish a multi-channel and multi-level financing mode; (6) establish exchange rate risk prevention system;(7) carry out the legal risk prevention from contract, territorial management and the use of multi bilateral agreements.

Keywords: "Belt and Road Initiative"; International trade; Lenovo Group; SWOT analysis; Opportunities, Risks and Strategies

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景和研究意义 1

1.1.1研究背景 1

1.1.2研究意义 1

1.2文献综述 1

1.2.1“一带一路”沿线各国的经济、人文地理情况以及发展潜力研究 2

1.2.2 中国与沿线各国的贸易比较优势研究 3

1.2.3中国企业“一带一路”背景下面临的机遇及问题研究 4

1.3研究方法和结构安排 6

1.3.1研究方法 6

1.3.2结构安排 7

1.4技术路线图 7

1.5创新及不足之处 8

第2章 背景和理论基础 9

2.1“一带一路”战略简介 9

2.1.1构架思路 9

2.1.2涵盖范围 10

2.1.3影响意义 10

2.2国际贸易理论及在“一带一路”中的运用 11

2.2.1国际贸易理论 11

2.2.2国际贸易理论在“一带一路”中的运用 12

2.3中国与沿线国家贸易状况分析 13

2.3.1基本贸易格局 13

2.3.2中国与沿线国家的贸易依赖度分析 14

2.4中国“计算机及信息”项目国际竞争力分析 15

2.5本章小结 16

第3章 联想发展经营情况分析 17

3.1发展历史 17

3.1.1初创阶段（1984～1993年） 17

3.1.2快速发展阶段（ 1994～2003年） 17

3.1.3国际化和多元化阶段（2004年至今） 17

3.2国际化战略 18

3.2.1投资战略 18

3.2.2品牌战略 20

3.2.3管理战略 22

3.2.4营销战略 23

3.3联想的SWOT分析 24

3.3.1联想优势分析 24

3.3.2联想劣势分析 26

3.3.3联想机会分析 28

3.3.4联想威胁分析 29

3.3.5联想SWOT分析总结 30

3.4本章小结 31

第4章 联想借力“一带一路”机遇及风险研究 32

4.1“一带一路”对于联想的机遇分析 32

4.1.1更开放的亚太和EMEA市场 32

4.1.2更便捷、畅通的物流运输 33

4.1.3更优惠的税收 34

4.1.4更便利的融资 35

4.2联想借力“一带一路”的风险分析 36

4.2.1政治宗教风险 36

4.2.2产品调整及适应风险 37