摘 要

自从中美建交以来各领域活动不断开展，中国于2001年加入世界贸易组织后对外贸易不断加深，中美作为国际上最大的两个经济体，经贸关系发展迅速且尤为密切。贸易差额问题是两国经济往来所的产生重要话题，中美贸易方面的争端影响着两国经济政策和贸易活动的展开，更影响着世界经济贸易格局，对中美两国贸易的健康发展和双边互惠的国际贸易关系带来了挑战。近年来中美两国在贸易差额上表现为中方对美方贸易顺差，同时也是美方对中方的贸易逆差。对任何一方而言，不管是贸易顺差还是逆差都有好的一面和坏的一面，特别是由此引发的一系列贸易摩擦，中国对美国的巨额顺差引发了美国贸易保护主义下愈演愈烈的中美贸易战，因此，通过深入了解中美两国贸易差额的具体情况，客观公正的看待中美贸易差额的问题，并分析引起货物贸易和服务贸易差额的原因，采取相应的对策和建议，有利于改善我国在竞争日益激烈的美国、甚至国际市场上的贸易形势，对于我国今后进行稳健的对外贸易和维护健康的国际贸易秩序有重要意义。

本文以此为背景，尝试着在国内外学者研究基础上结合现代经济对我国对美贸易结构深入分析，研究对美国顺差所在和相应对策措施进一步整理分析，想以此缓和与美国的贸易差额，提高我国贸易顺差质量，促进与美友好互惠的贸易合作关系。

关键词：中美贸易；贸易差额；货物贸易；服务贸易

Study on Sino-US Trade Balance

ABSTRACT

Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and the United States, activities in various fields have been continuously carried out. Since China's accession to the world trade organization in 2001, foreign trade has been deepening. As the two largest economies in the world, economic and trade relations between China and the United States have developed rapidly. Trade imbalance is an important issue in the economic exchanges between China and the United States. The disputes and frictions in the trade between China and the United States affect the development of the economic policies and trade activities of the two countries, as well as the world economic and trade pattern, posing challenges to the healthy development of the trade between China and the United States and the mutually beneficial international trade relations. In recent years, the trade balance between China and the United States is both a surplus of China's trade with the United States and a deficit of the United States with China. For either side, both the trade surplus and the trade deficit have good and bad sides, especially the series of trade frictions caused by them. China's huge surplus with the United States has triggered a trade war between China and the United States under the trade protectionism of the United States. Therefore, through in-depth understanding of the specific conditions in the trade balance between China and the United States, objective and fair look at the problem of sino-us trade balance, and analyzes the causes of trade imbalance, adopt corresponding countermeasures and Suggestions, to improve our country in the increasingly competitive trade situation, from the United States, and even the international market for the future sound of foreign trade and maintain a healthy international trade order.

Based on this background, this paper try to on the basis of domestic and foreign scholars study combined with the modern economy of our country to the United States trade structure analysis, to the U.S. deficit reason and corresponding countermeasures for further analysis, trying to ease trade gap with the United States, to improve the comprehensive competitiveness of foreign trade in our country, and promote the friendly and mutually beneficial trade relations of cooperation.

Key words：Sino-us trade；Balance of trade；Trade in goods；Trade in services

目 录

1 绪论………………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1研究背景及研究意义………………………………………….………………………………………1

1.2国内外研究概述…………………………………………….…………………………………………1

1.3本文研究框架……………………………………………….………………...……………………….4

1.4本文的创新与不足………………………………….……………………………………………..…..5

2 中美贸易差额演变历程..……………………………................…………………………………………6

2.1第一阶段.................................................................................................................................................6

2.2第二阶段.................................................................................................................................................7

2.3第三阶段.................................................................................................................................................8

3 中美贸易差额现状………………………………………………………………………………………10

3.1当前中美贸易规模..……………….......…………………………………………….....………….…10

3.2中美贸易战下的贸易差额..………....................………........……..............……………….…..........11

4 中美贸易差额构成分析……………………………………………………………………………….13

4.1中美货物贸易顺差构成分析..….........………………………………………………………………13

4.2中美服务贸易逆差构成分析 ..…...........……………………………………………………………14

5中美贸易差额原因分析……………..........…………………………………………………………15

5.1国际市场分工奠定中美贸易差额基础…………………………………………….………………..15

5.2货物贸易顺差原因分析.......................................................................................................................15

5.3服务贸易逆差原因分析.......................................................................................................................17

6 提升中美贸易差额质量的建议…………………………………........……………….....……………...20