摘 要

在我国国民经济当中中小企业有着重要的地位，对我国经济发展中产生了巨大的作用，尤其是在增强市场活力、维护社会稳定、促进经济快速发展等方面做出了巨大贡献。然而中小企业自身特性及外部环境局限如：中小企业经营的风险大，资本少，设施设备差，信誉等级低等等，使得中小企业在筹集资金方面存在着一些难处，这些已经成为阻碍中小企业快速健康发展的障碍。无论是世界哪一个国家，中小企业都已成为世界各国的经济支柱。对于我国来讲中小企业是国民经济的补过拾遗者，因为它可以满足消费者对少量产品和特殊商品的需求，吸收大量的劳动力，缓解就业压力，充分利用技术创新，提高产品的竞争力，所以对我国国民经济来讲很有必要加快中小企业的发展。但是，对我国中小企业而言，融资难一直是困扰其发展的首要难题。要想使得中小企业能够发展与壮大，资金应该是贯穿始终的核心要素。只有拥有充足的资金，才有可能保证中小企业的正常发展。

当前我国正处于改革的关键时期，市场经济体制以及投融资制度的改革正处于前所未有的难题。中小业面临企的融资困境主要表现在融资渠道窄，融资成本高，自身信用度低，融资风险大以及直接融资渠道不畅等。基于以上种种情况，我们需要找到新的突破口来重新分析问题根源，并找到我国中小企业融资的渠道，因此本文对此开展了较为深入的研究。

关键字：中小企业； 融资困境； 融资渠道； 信用体系

Abstract

Small and medium-sized enterprises is an important part of our national economy, plays an important role in the economic development of our country, especially in the increasing market vigor, promote the rapid economic development, made significant contribution to maintaining social stability, etc. However, the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprise itself and the limitations of the external environment, such as: small and medium-sized enterprise asset size is small, management risk is big, imperfect infrastructure, makes the small and medium-sized enterprises have some difficulty in raising funds, it has become barriers to hinder the healthy and rapid development of these enterprises. Whether it is a highly developed economy in developed countries or developing countries relatively backward, small and medium-sized enterprises has become a pillar of the national economy in many countries around the world. For our country small and medium-sized enterprise is the inflexibly maintaining of the national economy, because it can meet the needs of consumers for a small amount of products and special goods, to absorb a large number of labor, alleviate the employment pressure, make full use of technological innovation, improve the competitiveness. To accelerate the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, can spur the growth of national economy continued healthy and stable. But the financing difficulties in our country, is always the primary problem of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country. Development and expansion of small and medium-sized enterprises, the fund is the core elements throughout. Sustained and sufficient money supply, to ensure the normal operation and development of small and medium-sized enterprises. So solve this problem for promoting the development of market economy, improve the level of the national economy has important practical significance.

Current our country is in a critical period of reform and market economic system and the reform of investment and financing system is in the midst of the unprecedented challenges. There is little doubt that small and medium-sized enterprises has become an important part of market economy, to solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises directly to the success of the economic system reform. The financing difficulties of small and medium-sized industry facing the enterprise in the financing channel is narrow, the financing cost is high, its low credit, financing risk, and direct financing channel not free, etc. Based on the above situations, we need to find a new breakthrough to analysis the root cause, and find the basic countermeasures to solve the problem, so this paper carried out a thorough research.

Keywords: Small and medium-sized enterprise; The financing difficulties; financing channels; Credit system

目 录

1引言……………………………………………………………………………4

1.1研究的背景和意义………………………………………………………4

1.2研究的思路和方法………………………………………………………4

1.3研究的内容和结构………………………………………………………5

2文献综述…………………………………………………………………………………6

2.1国外文献综述……………………………………………………………6

2.1.1信息不对称……………………………………………………………6

2.1.2关系型贷款………………………………………………………………………6

2.1.3规模歧视…………………………………………………………………………6

2.1.4其他研究…………………………………………………………………………8

2.2国内文献综述……………………………………………………………………8

2.2.1信息不对称………………………………………………………………………8

2.2.2制度缺陷…………………………………………………………………………8

2.2.3其他有关研究……………………………………………………………………8

2.3文献评述……………………………………………………………………………8

3中小企业融资的相关概念界定以及理论阐述…………………………9

3.1中小企业融资概念……………………………………………………9

3.1.1中小企业界定…………………………………………………………………9

3.1.2中小企业融资概念界定…………………………………………………………9

3.2中小企业融资理论概述………………………………………………9

3.2.1关系型借贷理论…………………………………………………………………9

3.2.2信息不对称理论…………………………………………………………………10

3.2.3企业生命周期理论………………………………………………………………10