摘 要

经济全球化和更高水平的文化需求让世界各国，各民族的文化跨越国家、地区等地理界限，相互渗透影响。文化产业因其附加值高、辐射面广等特点而备受各国关注。各国争相占领世界文化贸易领域。很多国家将促进文化产业和文化贸易的发展纳入国家战略规划，世界文化产品进出口总额不断创新高。在新环境下，我国对外文化贸易进出口总量和增速在世界范围中均位列前茅，然而在高速发展的背后存在着诸如文化贸易相关法律政策不完善，资金来源渠道较单一，文化人才的国际交流合作较少，文化资源被破坏等问题。作为在世界文化贸易领域发展取得显著进步的国家，韩国，日本，美国的发展经验对中国有现实的指导意义。

本文通过对中国，美国，日本，韩国文化贸易的发展状态、产品区域结构和商品结构、发展政策、贸易竞争力等方面进行对比分析，得出我国对外文化贸易发展过程中可持续发展能力较弱，文化产品种类较为单一，发展政策不完善，高附加值出口比重较低等结论。同时在该研究基础上得出一些启示，以此来改变我国对外文化贸易发展中存在的不足。

数据显示，在过去几年中国，美国，日本，韩国的对外文化商品和服务贸易的进出口总量均是上升的。中日韩的文化贸易出口范围主要集中在亚洲地区，美国文化贸易出口地以欧洲和北美为主，扩散至全球。四国文化商品贸易具有一定的互补性。在文化政策方面，美国，日本，韩国许多优秀的法律政策，资金政策以及人才培养政策对中国有很大的借鉴意义。针对我国文化贸易的现状，本文给出如：保护并利用我国传统文化资源优势，对其进行科学开发；文化人才的培养要深入产业和实践，加强人才的国际流动性；完善文化贸易保护相关法律，减少各种违法犯罪行为；打破区域部门限制，建立完整的产业链等相关建议。

关键词：文化贸易 贸易结构 贸易政策 对比分析

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN CULTURAL TRADE IN CHINA,AMERICA,JAPAN AND SOUTH KOREA AND ITS ENLIGHTMENT TO CHINA

ABSTRACT

The economic globalization and a higher level of cultural needs make a country’s culture flow across geographical boundaries and impact each other.Because of its high added value,wide radiation and some other characteristics,cultural trade attracts many countries’ attentions.These countries compete to occupy the leading role of the world cultural trade.Some of them have put the policy of promoting the development of cultural industry and cultural trade into national development strategy.The world’s total import and export of cultural products continue to record high.The import and export volume of China’s foreign cultural trade and its growth speed in the world are among the best.However,there are some problems.For example,imperfect trade-related laws and policies,the single channel of the sources of funds, the damage of cultural resources.As countries that have made remarkable progress in the development of world cultural trade,the experience of Japan,United States and South Korea have practical significant for China.

In this paper,through the comparative analysis in the development state,the regional structure,product structure,development policies and trade competitive.We can get the following conclusions:Firstly,the sustainable development ability of China’s foreign cultural trade is weak;Secondly,the varieties of cultural products are limited;besides,the proportion of high added-value products is lower than other country.At the same time,some inspiration is obtained on the basis of this research,so as to change the shortcomings of China’s foreign cultural trade development.

Data shows that in the past few years,the overall import and export volume in foreign cultural trade has been rose.China,Japan and South Korea’s cultural trade exports mainly concentrated in the Asia region. American cultural products and service export to Europe and North America then spread to the world.The products in the four countries have a certain complementarity.With regard to cultural policies the United States,Japan,South Korea have many great legal policy,financial policy and personnel training policy.In view of the current situation of China’s cultural trade,this paper give the following suggestions:protect and make use of China’s traditional culture resources;the cultivation of cultural talents should deep into industry and practice;impove cultural trade protection laws so as to reduce restrictions,establish a complete industrial chain .

Key Words: cultural trade, trade structure, trade policy, comparative analysis

目 录

1 导论........................................................................1

1.1研究背景及意义..........................................................1

1.2文献综述................................................................2

1.3研究内容及目的..........................................................4

1.4创新及不足..............................................................4

2 中美日韩对外文化贸易发展现状及对比分析......................................5

2.1中国对外文化贸易发展现状................................................5

2.2美国对外文化贸易发展现状................................................7

2.3日本对外文化贸易发展现状...............................................10

2.4韩国对外文化贸易发展现状...............................................13

2.5中美日韩对外文化贸易发展现状对比分析...................................16

3 中美日韩对外文化贸易政策及对比分析.........................................19

3.1中国对外文化贸易发展政策....................................... ........19

3.2美国对外文化贸易发展政策.................................... ...........20

3.3日本对外文化贸易发展政策................................. ..............21