摘 要

2008年金融危机爆发后，世界经济衰退，我国经济环境受到强烈影响，中国加工贸易受到严重打击，而自改革开放以来，我国加工贸易飞速发展，逐渐成为我国对外贸易的主要方式和经济主体，金融危机对我国经济的直接影响不大，但我国出口贸易依然受到影响，后金融危机时代我国加工贸易发展本身存在的一些问题开始浮现。

虽然加工贸易为中国提供了很多就业机会，缓解了就业大力，促进我国外贸出口创汇，但是中国加工贸易地区发展不平衡而且正在逐渐丧失比较优势，缺乏创新技术和高新科技，我国加工贸易发展减缓甚至趋向负增长。特别是金融危机以来，国际经济增长趋缓，加王贸易产业在中国经济增长中的支撑作用下降。2016年1月，国务院印发《关于促进加工贸易创新发展的若干意见》2，它强调到2020年中国加工贸易应进一步向价值链高端跃升发展转型，《意见》的提出为各地区政府引导加工贸易产业转型升级提供了政策支持。当前，全球产业竞争格局深度调整，而中国加工贸易产业仍以劳动密集型为主，技术含量低、附加值低、利润低，在国际竞争中明显优势不足。

伴随着加工贸易国际环境和国内发展条件发生重大变化，中国加工贸易产业保持现有形式已经不能适应国际大环境的变化。本文主要针对后金融危机时代中国加工贸易的发展环境和遇到的问题进行分析，并提出相应对策，以实现我国加工贸易的持续性发展。中国促进加工贸易产业长足发展，一方面应注重区域发展的平衡，另一方面优化加工贸易的产业结构，创造新的优势，如发展高新技术等，加工贸易产业转型升级，有助于中国整体产业结构的优化，引导加工贸易企业向正确的方向发展，实现对外贸易的可持续发展。同时，完善相关政策法规，促进加工贸易发展，为加工贸易的发展扫清路障。

关键词：后金融危机时代 加工贸易 现状 问题 对策

The Present Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of Chinese Processing Trade

ABSTRACT

After the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008, the world economic downturn, chinese economic environment is strongly affected by the processing trade, chinese suffered a serious blow, but since the reform and opening up, the rapid development of chinese processing trade has gradually become the main way and the economic subject of chinese foreign trade, direct impact of financial crisis on chinese economy, some problems but after the financial crisis of chinese processing trade has begun to show up.

Although the processing trade to provide many employment opportunities for chinese, ease the employment vigorously, promoting chinese foreign trade exports, but the area chinese processing trade development is not balanced and gradually losing the comparative advantage, The lack of innovation and high technology, it is the development of chinese processing trade tends to slow or even negative growth. Especially since the financial crisis, the international economic growth slowed down, and supported the king in chinese industry trade in economic growth fell.2016 in January, the State Council issued the lt;on promoting the innovation and development of the processing trade opinions gt;2, it stressed that the chinese processing trade should be further jumped to the value chain development and transformation in 2020," The propose of lt;on promoting the innovation and development of the processing trade opinions gt;2 for each area government to guide the industrial transformation and upgrading of processing trade to provide policy support. At present, the global industry competition pattern depth adjustment, and the industrial chinese processing trade still to work Intensive, low technological content, low added value, low profits, lack of obvious advantages in international competition.

With the international environment and the domestic processing trade development conditions changed significantly, chinese industry processing trade to maintain the existing form already can not adapt to changes in the international environment. The environment for the development of processing trade chinese financial crisis era and to solve the problem are analyzed, and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures, in order to achieve the sustainable development of chinese processing trade. Chinese to promote rapid development of processing trade industry, on the one hand, should pay attention to the balance of regional development, on the other hand, the optimization of industrial structure of processing trade, create new advantages, As the development of high technology, industrial transformation and upgrading of processing trade, contribute to the overall optimization of industrial structure China, guide the processing trade enterprises to the correct direction, realize the sustainable development of foreign trade. At the same time, relevant policies and regulations should be improved to promote the development of processing trade and clear the barrier for the development of processing trade.

Keywords: post financial crisis era, processing trade, trade problems,present situation, countermeasures

目 录

1导论 1

1.1研究背景和意义 1

1.2文献综述 2

1.3研究目标 4

1.4研究内容 4

1.5研究方法及数据来源 4

1.6可能的创新与不足 4

2中国加工贸易的发展现状分析 5

2.1中国加工贸易发展现状 5

2.2经济环境的变化对加工贸易产生的影响 10

3我国加工贸易发展中存在问题分析 11

3.1我国加工贸易地区发展不平衡 11

3.2我国加工贸易处于产业链底端，缺乏高新技术和创新技术 11

3.3我国加工贸易的比较优势正在逐渐丧失 12

3.4加工贸易监管模式不合理 12

3.5加工贸易市场分布不平衡且贸易摩擦严重 13

3.6我国加工贸易的环境问题 13

4我国加工贸易存在问题的对策分析 15

4.1促进中西部地区的贸易发展 15

4.2加快技术创新 16

4.3优化加工贸易产业结构 17

4.4加强制度和法律监管 18

4.5积极应对贸易摩擦 18