摘 要

自上世纪90年代以来，在反补贴，反倾销等传统非关税壁垒受到WTO严格限制的情况下，技术性贸易壁垒因针对性强、隐蔽性好、运用灵活等特点逐步取代传统非关税壁垒对国际贸易产生了深远影响。 技术性贸易壁垒一方面能促进国家对外贸易但同时也会阻碍其发展。改革开放以来，我国对外贸易迅速增长并取得令人瞩目的成就，但近年来，各种形式的技术性贸易壁垒的出台，使得我国出口企业所面临的压力不断增大，极大影响了我国出口产品的国际竞争力。对技术性贸易壁垒进行客观分析避免片面认识就显得至关重要，此外也是有效制定应对策略的前提。本研究首先介绍技术性贸易壁垒的一些基本理论综述，对技术性贸易壁垒的形成机制及表现形式等基本问题进行介绍便于我们更好了解。其次在经济全球化大背景下对国际上的技术性壁垒的现状，我国当前技术性贸易壁垒的现状有一个大致的了解，同时阐述技术性贸易壁垒如何通过数量抑制效应和价格抑制效应对我国国际贸易产生抑制作用，进一步分析其动态抑制效应以便更好地了解技术性壁垒的作用机制。由于各行业特点及技术熟练程度，贸易壁垒形式和针对性等差异，所受技术贸易壁垒影响程度不同，引出要对不同行业的技术性壁垒具体应对。选取我国三大代表行业：农食品业，纺织服装业及机电设备业介绍其出口贸易现状及技术性壁垒对其影响，在此基础上从宏观微观角度结合我国各产业特点具体制定合理有效的措施，从而能有效应对及利用技术性贸易壁垒，促使我国企业健康发展。

关键词：技术性贸易壁垒；出口贸易；贸易自由化；影响

The influence of the technical trade barriers on China's export trade

ABSTRACT

Since the 1990s,under the condition of that tariffs on anti-subsidy and traditional non-tariff barriers such as anti-dumping are strictly limited by WTO,technical barriers to trade for highly targeted，good concealment，using the characteristics of flexible gradually replace the traditional non-tariff barriers to international trade which has a far-reaching influence. Technical barriers to trade has double effects,regulating and promoting the country's foreign trade while on the other hand it may cause a certain degree of obstacles to international trade. As the world's largest developing country， the influence of the technical trade barriers on Chinese foreign trade is increasingly strengthened. Since China's reform and opening up，China's foreign trade is growing fast and has made remarkable achievements，but in recent years,various forms of technical barriers to trade have made it more difficult for our export product to enter the international market. Based on the Objective analysis of technical barriers to trade to avoid one-sided understanding is critical,in addition,it is also the premise of effectively develop coping strategies. First introduce some theory of technical barriers to trade， such as the formation mechanism of technical barriers to trade and the forms of expression and other basic issues to facilitate us to better understand. Secondly，To have a general understanding in the status of China's current technical barriers to trade under the background of economic globalization and to expound ways that the technical barriers to trade through a number of inhibitory effect and the price suppression effect on China's international trade has the effect of inhibiting the， further analysis of the dynamic state inhibitory effect in order to better understand the mechanism of technical barriers to trade. Due to the characteristics of the industry and the level of technical proficiency,the form of trade barriers and targeted and other differences， the impact of technical barriers to trade is different，leading to different industries to deal with technical barriers to specific. Select China's three major representative industries-agriculture and food industry,textile and garment industry and mechanical and electrical equipment industry in the import and export trade situation and technical barriers to the effect .Based on the macro and micro angle combined with the characteristics of different industries in China the specific formulation of reasonable and effective measures,which can have effect on and make use of technical barriers to trade to promote the healthy development of our enterprises .

Key words:Technical barriers to trade;Import and export trade;Trade liberalization； impact

目 录

1 绪论 1

1.1 选题背景 1

1.2 选题意义 1

1.3 国内外相关研究文献综述 2

1.3.1 国外对技术性贸易壁垒相关研究 2

1.3.2 国内对技术性贸易壁垒的相关研究 3

1.4 研究内容 4

1.5 研究方法 5

1.6 论文的创新点和不足之处 6

2 理论综述 7

2.1 传统贸易壁垒和技术性贸易壁垒相关概念及成因 7

2.1.1 传统贸易壁垒的概念 7

2.1.2 技术性贸易壁垒的概念及形成机制 7

2.2 技术性贸易壁垒的特点及表现形式 8

2.2.1 技术性贸易壁垒的特点 9

2.2.2 技术性贸易壁垒的表现形式 10

2.3 技术贸易壁垒对我国国际贸易的抑制效应 10

2.4 技术性贸易壁垒对各国的影响分析 10

2.4.1 技术性贸易壁垒对发达国家的影响 11

2.4.2 技术性贸易壁垒对发展中国家的影响 11

2.5 小结 12

3 中国面对的技术性贸易壁垒现状 12

3.1 全球技术性贸易壁垒现状 12

3.2 中国出口贸易面对的技术性贸易壁垒现状 13

3.3 小结 15

4 中国面对技术性贸易壁垒现状的理论分析 16

4.1 技术壁垒对我国进出口贸易的作用机制 16

4.2 技术性贸易壁垒对我国对外贸易的影响 17

4.2.1 消极影响 17

4.2.2 积极影响 18

4.3 选取三大行业原因 18

4.4 小结 19

5 农食品业面对的技术性贸易壁垒 19

5.1 农食品业出口贸易现状 19

5.2 技术性贸易壁垒对我国农食品业的影响 19

5.2.1 消极影响 20

5.2.2 积极影响 21

5.3 中国应对农产品技术性贸易壁垒的对策建议 21

5.3.1 政府层面 21

5.3.2 行业协会层面 22

5.3.3 企业层面 22

5.4 小结 23

6 纺织服装业面对的技术性贸易壁垒 25

6.1 纺织服装业出口贸易现状 25

6.2 技术性贸易壁垒对我国纺织品服装出口的影响 26