摘 要

1978年改革开放施行至今，中国的经济发展的速度愈来愈快，对外贸易也取得了相当大地成就。中国因此成为了公认的贸易大国。对外贸易的飞快发展在一定程度上促进经济增长，也增加了中国的人均收入水平。但是，由于贸易的急剧发展，中国的收入差距没有变小反增大了。依据国家统计局的有关数据显示，1978年我国的基尼系数为0.25，被称做世界上收入分配最公平的国家。但到了2000年以后，中国的基尼系数大幅度增长，基本运行在国际公认警戒线0.4以上。这些数据意味着我国收入分配不公已是明摆的事实了。

国际贸易与收入分配的相关理论研究表明对外贸易在一程度上是会对收入分配造成影响的。根据中国改革开放30多年的现状来看，我们可以看出对外贸易扩大了我国收入分配的差距。我们不经疑问：贸易是否会对收入分配造成影响？影响程度多深？又是通过哪些途径影响的？

本文从对外贸易的角度分析行业收入差距，区域收入差距以及城乡居民收入差距的成因。在对外贸易与收入分配相关理论的基础上，主要运用实证分析的方法研究贸易开放对我国行业、区域、城乡居民收入分配的影响。本文研究的主要内容和观点如下：

(1)对我国对外贸易、收入分配、行业收入差距、地区收入差距、城乡居民收入差距的近况进行系统的阐述。为本文提供理论背景和分析依据。

(2)通过实证阐明对外贸易对收入分配的影响，对外贸易对行业收入分配的影响和对外贸易对区域城乡居民收入分配的影响。

(3) 本文研究结果显示，从1978年开始，各行业的收入水平都相比以往有所提高，但由于提高的速度和程度的不同，加大了行业间收入分配的差距。其次由于东、中、西部地区在资源禀赋、自然资源以及经济发展水平方面存在很多的不同，对外开放的开放程度和对外贸易政策的实施策略差异，使得我国地区收入差距扩大。最后产业分工、区域发展不平等、教育水平的差异，导致我国城乡居民的收入差距继续的增大。因此，贸易开放策略应该倾向于中西部地区的发展，鼓励落后型产业的发展，增强贸易政策的民主化，将有利于缩小收入差距。

关键词：贸易开放；收入分配；行业；地域；群体特征

Analysis of the impact of trade openness on China’s income distribution gap

—based on regional、industry and group characteristics

ABSTRACT

Since reform and opening up, the economy obtained the fast development of our country, the development of foreign trade has made great achievements. China thus became a recognized trading powers. The rapid development of the trade to a certain extent, promoted the economic growth, and increase the per capita income level. But China's income distribution gap is not narrow because of the development of trade, expanded instead.According to the national bureau of statistics of the relevant data, China's gini coefficient was 0.25 in 1978, known as the world's most fair income distribution of the country. But in 2000, after the big increase in China's gini coefficient, the basic operation above the internationally recognized warning line of 0.4. These data mean income distribution gap in our country has been the fact that does not dispute.

International trade and the related theory of income distribution shows that foreign trade affect income distribution in a degree. According to the situation of China's reform and opening up 30 years, we can see that foreign trade has expanded the gap of income distribution in our country. We don't doubt: trade will affect income distribution? How deep influence degree? And influence through what way?

This article from the perspective of foreign trade industry income gap, regional income gap and the cause of urban and rural residents income gap. In international trade and income distribution, on the basis of relevant theories, mainly using the method of empirical analysis study of open trade industry of our country, the influence of the regional, urban and rural residents income distribution. This paper studies the main content and points of view are as follows:

(1) system in this paper, the our country foreign trade, income distribution and income gap, regional income gap, the present situation of the urban and rural residents income gap. To provide the theoretical background of this study and analysis of basis points.

(2) through the empirical analysis on openness to trade impact on income distribution, the effect of trade openness of the income distribution of the industry and trade openness affect regional urban and rural residents income distribution.

(3) in this paper show that since 1985, the income level of industry have improved, but improve the speed and degree of different lead to industry significantly expanding income gap. Secondly by the eastern, central and western region resources endowment, natural resources, and there are many differences between economic development level, open degree and foreign trade policy of opening to the outside of the implementation of the strategy is different, lead to the phenomenon of our country's regional income distribution gap. The industrial division, the inequality of regional development, the different education level, makes constantly expanding income gap of our country's urban and rural residents. Therefore, openness to trade strategy should tilt to the central and western regions, promoting the development of the backward conditions of agricultural industry, increase the trade policy of democratization, will be conducive to narrow the income gap.

Key words：trade openness；income distribution；regional；industry；group characteristics

目 录

1. 绪论.................................................................................1

1.1 问题的提出.......................................................................1

1.2 研究的目的和意义.................................................................1